WEBVTT 00:00:01.960 --> 00:00:03.980 [music] 00:00:07.210 --> 00:00:09.220 [music] 00:00:13.440 --> 00:00:16.917 >> Welcome, everyone. I'm Glenda McNeal, President of 00:00:17.000 --> 00:00:20.677 Enterprise Strategic Partnerships at American Express. 00:00:20.760 --> 00:00:22.357 I'm thrilled to continue the In 00:00:22.440 --> 00:00:24.757 Partnership with Series with Satya 00:00:24.840 --> 00:00:28.197 Nadella, Chairman and CEO of Microsoft. 00:00:28.280 --> 00:00:31.117 Satya, thanks so much for talking with me today. 00:00:31.200 --> 00:00:33.677 >> Thank you so much, Glenda, for the opportunity. It's a real pleasure to be 00:00:33.760 --> 00:00:36.917 with you. >> Excellent. I want to start out with a 00:00:37.000 --> 00:00:41.957 couple of rapid-fire questions that Bing Chat suggested I ask you. 00:00:42.040 --> 00:00:45.277 Can you share a recent book that has influenced your thinking? 00:00:45.360 --> 00:00:48.357 >> I recently reread, Glenda, a book called 00:00:48.440 --> 00:00:53.277 Bootstrapping written by Thierry Bardini. I think if I get the author's 00:00:53.360 --> 00:00:56.597 name right. It was written in the early 2000s. 00:00:56.680 --> 00:00:58.477 I reread it recently because it's a book 00:00:58.560 --> 00:01:01.197 about computing and in particular about 00:01:01.280 --> 00:01:05.917 the work of Douglas Engelbart, who is sort of very well known for the person 00:01:06.000 --> 00:01:10.117 who first came up with the mouse, the keyboard, the graphical user interface. 00:01:10.200 --> 00:01:14.597 So, a big sort of contributor to personal computing. And he's the one who 00:01:14.680 --> 00:01:18.677 really conceptualized this human-computer sort of symbiosis, if you 00:01:18.760 --> 00:01:21.797 will, to create, 00:01:21.880 --> 00:01:26.597 you know, augment human capability. And I felt like, you know, in given the age 00:01:26.680 --> 00:01:30.517 of co-pilots, it is good to go back 00:01:30.600 --> 00:01:34.197 to that first computer age and say, "Well, essentially now this new 00:01:34.280 --> 00:01:39.277 generation of AI is really helping us take that vision to the next step." And 00:01:39.360 --> 00:01:42.997 so, that's the book that at least I would say has influenced a lot of my you 00:01:43.080 --> 00:01:45.677 know, thinking in in the recent times. 00:01:45.760 --> 00:01:48.637 >> Would you recommend that for a layman? 00:01:48.720 --> 00:01:52.477 >> Absolutely. It's actually a beautiful book. It's not nothing to do with sort 00:01:52.560 --> 00:01:56.757 of any technology. It's a human story of a person. In fact, it's sort of one of 00:01:56.840 --> 00:02:00.437 the most inspiring parts is why did he choose his life's work, right? So, he 00:02:00.520 --> 00:02:04.557 went on this quest of saying, "I want to make a choice." He was I think 00:02:04.640 --> 00:02:08.677 an electrical engineer by training. He had many different options, and he chose 00:02:08.760 --> 00:02:12.477 this particular field of human-computer interaction because he felt that 00:02:12.560 --> 00:02:15.357 humanity needed new tools to deal with 00:02:15.440 --> 00:02:18.317 what was sort of a lot more, you know, 00:02:18.400 --> 00:02:22.397 critical issues with urgency. And so, he chose this. And so, I think it's as much 00:02:22.480 --> 00:02:24.997 of a human story as a technical story. 00:02:25.080 --> 00:02:28.517 >> That's great. Well, it sounds interesting. Um a lot of Microsoft 00:02:28.600 --> 00:02:30.597 products out there. Do you have a favorite one? 00:02:30.680 --> 00:02:32.717 >> That's always the hard one. 00:02:32.800 --> 00:02:37.237 I mean, I must say this Copilot. Like even, you know, uh we now have something 00:02:37.320 --> 00:02:38.637 called Microsoft Copilot. It's kind of 00:02:38.720 --> 00:02:42.397 like my AI agent. Um and I use it for, 00:02:42.480 --> 00:02:46.277 as I always say, you know, for my travel and for my meeting prep. It's the one 00:02:46.360 --> 00:02:51.997 tool for anything. Copilot has become my go-to for lots and lots of tasks every 00:02:52.080 --> 00:02:54.957 day. >> Well, it sounds as though it's getting a 00:02:55.040 --> 00:02:58.837 lot of attention. I know we talk about it here at American Express. So, we 00:02:58.920 --> 00:03:03.477 appreciate all the work and all the products. As you know, we are a big 00:03:03.560 --> 00:03:06.357 Microsoft customer. So, thank you very much for all the hard work that you and 00:03:06.440 --> 00:03:10.157 your team do together. So, let's talk a little bit about leadership. You started 00:03:10.240 --> 00:03:12.957 at Microsoft in 1992 as a software 00:03:13.040 --> 00:03:16.197 engineer, and you became CEO in 2014. 00:03:16.280 --> 00:03:20.397 When you took on the role, you focused on company culture. 00:03:20.480 --> 00:03:22.117 You said the team needed to rediscover 00:03:22.200 --> 00:03:24.797 the soul of Microsoft, your reason for 00:03:24.880 --> 00:03:27.677 being. What did you see at that time as 00:03:27.760 --> 00:03:31.957 the big opportunities, and what did you do to make people believe they could 00:03:32.040 --> 00:03:36.117 achieve the level of success that you have today? 00:03:36.200 --> 00:03:40.117 >> I think a lot about what keeps organizations like American Express or 00:03:40.200 --> 00:03:44.357 Microsoft or anyone relevant into the future because in some 00:03:44.440 --> 00:03:47.637 sense all of us, what happened in the past is in the past, and the question 00:03:47.720 --> 00:03:51.477 really is how do you renew yourself and stay 00:03:51.560 --> 00:03:54.157 relevant for our customers. And that I 00:03:54.240 --> 00:03:59.437 think comes from two sources, at least in my mind. One is a sense of purpose 00:03:59.520 --> 00:04:00.957 and mission. 00:04:01.040 --> 00:04:04.317 Uh which helps with your company's 00:04:04.400 --> 00:04:07.037 ability and the people's ability to pick 00:04:07.120 --> 00:04:11.437 on things that add value. Uh right? So, for example, in our case, we talk about 00:04:11.520 --> 00:04:14.957 our mission to empower every person and every organization on the planet to 00:04:15.040 --> 00:04:17.637 achieve more. And I feel that that has a 00:04:17.720 --> 00:04:22.677 lot to do with how we even we chose this design concept of Copilot. I don't think 00:04:22.760 --> 00:04:26.397 this Copilot as a product would have gotten created if we didn't have the 00:04:26.480 --> 00:04:31.117 mission we have, if you will. So, therefore, one is going back constantly 00:04:31.200 --> 00:04:33.197 to your mission, reinterpreting that 00:04:33.280 --> 00:04:38.437 mission for today and tomorrow, not for the past. Obviously, technologies come 00:04:38.520 --> 00:04:42.037 and go. So, therefore, to be able to keep your mission constant, but 00:04:42.120 --> 00:04:44.237 technology and its expression in 00:04:44.320 --> 00:04:49.157 products and services fresh, I think is one side of it. The other side of it is 00:04:49.240 --> 00:04:52.477 culture, to your point, which is in order for us to do that, you have to 00:04:52.560 --> 00:04:56.957 have a learning culture. Right? It's very hard to manage change 00:04:57.040 --> 00:05:00.677 and change in technology, change in business models, change in everything, 00:05:00.760 --> 00:05:02.357 pretty much. Uh if you don't have a 00:05:02.440 --> 00:05:04.917 learning culture. And so, we emphasized 00:05:05.000 --> 00:05:09.717 uh internally this cultural meme, which has been very, very helpful to us, of 00:05:09.800 --> 00:05:13.757 growth mindset. In other words, you know, going from being the know-it-alls 00:05:13.840 --> 00:05:18.037 to learn-it-alls. Uh and quite frankly, right now, again, back in this age of 00:05:18.120 --> 00:05:22.517 AI, I must say what happened in the cloud over a 15-year period, it seems to 00:05:22.600 --> 00:05:26.797 be happening now in a 5-year period. So, therefore, we now need to be the best 00:05:26.880 --> 00:05:30.637 learn-it-alls we can ever be. Uh and so, yeah. So, these would be the 00:05:30.720 --> 00:05:33.037 two things, Glenda, I would say, sense 00:05:33.120 --> 00:05:36.117 of purpose and mission, and reimagining 00:05:36.200 --> 00:05:39.677 that uh for what is possible today with 00:05:39.760 --> 00:05:43.997 new technology and new products and services, and then using our culture to 00:05:44.080 --> 00:05:47.357 give us that ability to sort of pursue the mission. 00:05:47.440 --> 00:05:49.797 >> One of the things I loved in going 00:05:49.880 --> 00:05:53.157 through your book, Hit Refresh, um at 00:05:53.240 --> 00:05:55.997 the beginning you talk about empathy. 00:05:56.080 --> 00:05:58.517 And uh how empathy played a key role in 00:05:58.600 --> 00:06:00.677 how you brought the team on board. And I 00:06:00.760 --> 00:06:03.717 think everything that you said 00:06:03.800 --> 00:06:06.877 um kind of shrouded in this notion of 00:06:06.960 --> 00:06:11.317 being empathetic and understanding the the reason for your being has been quite 00:06:11.400 --> 00:06:14.837 powerful. Um and you guys have achieved incredible 00:06:14.920 --> 00:06:18.597 success financially. You're on the cutting edge of tech advancements. And 00:06:18.680 --> 00:06:22.397 so clearly the path you set and the way you're 00:06:22.480 --> 00:06:27.317 leading today uh has made a huge difference. And so that's exciting to to 00:06:27.400 --> 00:06:29.717 know and to understand. So thank you for that. 00:06:29.800 --> 00:06:33.037 >> No, absolutely. And I think sometimes people think of empathy as some sort of 00:06:33.120 --> 00:06:37.277 a soft skill that's nice to have, but it's not a critical skill. I The way I 00:06:37.360 --> 00:06:41.997 think about it is it's sort of a a very important design skill that every 00:06:42.080 --> 00:06:45.357 business leader needs to have. Because at the end of the day we all have 00:06:45.440 --> 00:06:49.197 inherently as humans empathy for different things. Collectively we need 00:06:49.280 --> 00:06:53.397 to harness it to be able to have a better insight, for example, into the 00:06:53.480 --> 00:06:57.117 unmet unarticulated needs of customers, for example. That's at the end of the 00:06:57.200 --> 00:07:01.797 day American Express or Microsoft will be successful if we have that insight. 00:07:01.880 --> 00:07:06.197 Uh some people may call it design insight and skills. And I would submit 00:07:06.280 --> 00:07:11.117 that it comes from a deep sense of empathy uh for customer issues and customer 00:07:11.200 --> 00:07:14.917 opportunities. And so therefore I think it's a not just a soft skill, but it's 00:07:15.000 --> 00:07:19.117 probably the hardest skill to learn and exercise in order to be able to be 00:07:19.200 --> 00:07:22.477 successful in business. >> I completely agree. I think it's a 00:07:22.560 --> 00:07:24.597 critical leadership skill. So we agree 00:07:24.680 --> 00:07:27.557 on that. Um you changed Microsoft's 00:07:27.640 --> 00:07:30.877 mission, as you just said, um to empower 00:07:30.960 --> 00:07:35.677 every person and every organization on the planet to achieve more. One of the 00:07:35.760 --> 00:07:39.437 ways you do that is through partnerships. And I can easily say that 00:07:39.520 --> 00:07:44.117 you and I have have shared belief that partnerships power success and American 00:07:44.200 --> 00:07:47.957 Express and Microsoft have a very long history of leveraging each other's 00:07:48.040 --> 00:07:50.877 products and partnering to innovate. 00:07:50.960 --> 00:07:55.357 When you think about Microsoft's mission to achieve more, what attributes 00:07:55.440 --> 00:07:58.917 differentiate your most successful partners? What do you look for? 00:07:59.000 --> 00:08:02.757 >> So, first of all, it's I'm so glad you brought up this 00:08:02.840 --> 00:08:07.277 entire thing about partnerships because I think about its core 00:08:07.360 --> 00:08:11.557 to our, I'll call it, sense of purpose and mission of empowering every person 00:08:11.640 --> 00:08:15.517 and every organization. Right there, you know, is the definition of 00:08:15.600 --> 00:08:17.277 partnerships because in some sense, we 00:08:17.360 --> 00:08:19.917 will only be successful if our 00:08:20.000 --> 00:08:23.757 technology output can be parlayed by our 00:08:23.840 --> 00:08:27.637 partners into more higher value for 00:08:27.720 --> 00:08:30.957 their customers, right? That when I we work with American Express, it's that's 00:08:31.040 --> 00:08:35.517 why I like that that touchless expense or touch-free expense management system 00:08:35.600 --> 00:08:38.877 you build with some input from us, but you're you're building your own 00:08:38.960 --> 00:08:40.757 platforms, your own technology, right? 00:08:40.840 --> 00:08:44.877 Same thing in fact, we're already it's fascinating to see how Bing Chat is 00:08:44.960 --> 00:08:48.557 being used, I think, in your customer service in order to be able to do better 00:08:48.640 --> 00:08:52.917 customer service responses and what have you. So, to me, that ability to take 00:08:53.000 --> 00:08:55.437 some output of ours to help our 00:08:55.520 --> 00:08:59.997 customers realize value in terms of them creating more value on top of our 00:09:00.080 --> 00:09:02.997 platform, right? So, one of one of the things I always think about a platform 00:09:03.080 --> 00:09:07.637 company is a platform company only if the value above the platform is more 00:09:07.720 --> 00:09:10.797 than in the platform. I mean, that's as simple as that. Otherwise, the platform 00:09:10.880 --> 00:09:13.597 is unstable. Uh and so, that's the 00:09:13.680 --> 00:09:15.917 approach uh we take when it comes to 00:09:16.000 --> 00:09:19.557 partnerships. And so, being able to have 00:09:19.640 --> 00:09:24.157 not just the technology, but the business model and a culture that 00:09:24.240 --> 00:09:27.597 reinforce it, I think, is sort of one of the things that we seek to sort of 00:09:27.680 --> 00:09:31.197 understand. Somebody said this to me, you can't say one thing and do something 00:09:31.280 --> 00:09:33.877 else, right? It has to be all congruous 00:09:33.960 --> 00:09:38.677 uh in how value gets created. And so, that's the approach we've taken. 00:09:38.760 --> 00:09:40.477 >> Well, that's fantastic. And I think you 00:09:40.560 --> 00:09:43.197 know, I lead the strategic partnership 00:09:43.280 --> 00:09:45.717 relationships at American Express and I 00:09:45.800 --> 00:09:48.717 think the amount of alignment around 00:09:48.800 --> 00:09:51.357 values, the ability to create trust 00:09:51.440 --> 00:09:53.357 between organizations and see the 00:09:53.440 --> 00:09:57.077 possibilities that you can work together 00:09:57.160 --> 00:10:00.637 to create incremental value in the marketplace can only be done through 00:10:00.720 --> 00:10:04.037 partnerships. And so, we value very much the relationship that we have with 00:10:04.120 --> 00:10:08.677 Microsoft and the alignment that we have on the value of partnerships is real. 00:10:08.760 --> 00:10:11.637 So, thank you for that. >> Yeah, it's a very interesting 00:10:11.720 --> 00:10:14.837 as I've been studying a little bit about even different companies. I mean, 00:10:14.920 --> 00:10:15.877 different companies are successful. 00:10:15.960 --> 00:10:19.317 Sometimes companies are successful by saying we only think about customers, 00:10:19.400 --> 00:10:23.717 customers. It's It makes sense. You know, if I think about Microsoft, we're 00:10:23.800 --> 00:10:27.437 we're a little more I think we think of our customers as our partners. That's 00:10:27.520 --> 00:10:30.757 how I think we're a much more partner-focused, right? How do you 00:10:30.840 --> 00:10:35.597 construct more win-win? Don't think of everything as zero-sum, you know? 00:10:35.680 --> 00:10:39.357 Otherwise, sometimes what happens is you have customers and suppliers. 00:10:39.440 --> 00:10:42.717 I think of, you know, everybody is a customer and a supplier, so therefore 00:10:42.800 --> 00:10:46.237 they're a partner. And when you think that, then it becomes a very different 00:10:46.320 --> 00:10:49.397 approach. >> I definitely agree. So, let's talk a 00:10:49.480 --> 00:10:52.117 little bit about technology, which I know is a 00:10:52.200 --> 00:10:55.277 a real passion of yours. Microsoft is 00:10:55.360 --> 00:10:59.557 leading the way for what is shaping up to be one of the most significant waves 00:10:59.640 --> 00:11:04.117 of change in the history of the tech industry with the rise of generative AI. 00:11:04.200 --> 00:11:08.597 I don't know if when you first started to think about that, did you really 00:11:08.680 --> 00:11:12.637 believe that there would be all of this that's happening today? 00:11:12.720 --> 00:11:15.197 Would love to understand the role you 00:11:15.280 --> 00:11:18.717 think generative AI will play in shaping 00:11:18.800 --> 00:11:23.037 the future of business and how you see it shaping humanity 00:11:23.120 --> 00:11:27.197 because I think it has an impact on humanity and people aren't always 00:11:27.280 --> 00:11:29.917 talking about that. >> No, you're absolutely right, Glenda. 00:11:30.000 --> 00:11:33.917 There's obviously a lot going on in terms of generative AI. I would say the 00:11:34.000 --> 00:11:38.717 first time I was able to get a real sense of what the shift is with GitHub 00:11:38.800 --> 00:11:42.637 Copilot, right? When we started seeing our software engineers start using 00:11:42.720 --> 00:11:45.597 GPT-3.5 and inside of their coding 00:11:45.680 --> 00:11:48.717 workflow see the productivity gains, see 00:11:48.800 --> 00:11:52.677 even their ability to stay in the flow of their work. 00:11:52.760 --> 00:11:55.437 That's when I felt there was something new and big. And I would say there are 00:11:55.520 --> 00:11:59.637 two really new things that are happening. One is a much more natural 00:11:59.720 --> 00:12:03.237 user interface, which starts with language but goes 00:12:03.320 --> 00:12:07.717 beyond that. It can take images, it can take speech input, and also output 00:12:07.800 --> 00:12:11.477 images and speech. So there's going to be a much more natural user interface 00:12:11.560 --> 00:12:15.037 that will change pretty much every software category out there. And then 00:12:15.120 --> 00:12:18.717 the second thing is a new reasoning engine. Just like databases back in the 00:12:18.800 --> 00:12:20.197 day helped us 00:12:20.280 --> 00:12:23.077 with digital information, this new AI 00:12:23.160 --> 00:12:25.877 neural engine, if you will, will help us 00:12:25.960 --> 00:12:30.157 make sense, like summarizations or continuation. So these are the two 00:12:30.240 --> 00:12:34.477 technological foundations. And they're being deployed like even as we talked 00:12:34.560 --> 00:12:38.357 about even on American Express in customer service, in 00:12:38.440 --> 00:12:40.757 in expense management, and in broadly 00:12:40.840 --> 00:12:45.597 every software category is going to be changed. And I think one way to go about 00:12:45.680 --> 00:12:49.637 this perhaps for every organization is to get it broadly deployed. If I It 00:12:49.720 --> 00:12:51.357 reminds me a little bit like in the late 00:12:51.440 --> 00:12:54.677 '80s when the PCs first showed up. They 00:12:54.760 --> 00:12:59.117 changed workflow, right? We all remember before a word processor and after a word 00:12:59.200 --> 00:13:02.837 processor, before a spreadsheet and after a spreadsheet perhaps for those of 00:13:02.920 --> 00:13:04.757 us who were there at that time working. 00:13:04.840 --> 00:13:08.597 And so I think that's the same thing that's going to happen now, which is 00:13:08.680 --> 00:13:13.957 fundamental knowledge work workflow will change across every function and every 00:13:14.040 --> 00:13:15.277 business process, whether it's in 00:13:15.360 --> 00:13:18.437 marketing, sales, support, finance. 00:13:18.520 --> 00:13:21.517 And so that's an exciting time. 00:13:21.600 --> 00:13:24.597 >> Well, what we've seen is that when technology 00:13:24.680 --> 00:13:27.477 advances and it's used appropriately, 00:13:27.560 --> 00:13:30.157 right? The world just changes, and I 00:13:30.240 --> 00:13:34.037 think to the point around how people um 00:13:34.120 --> 00:13:36.517 and how this affects humanity, it's all 00:13:36.600 --> 00:13:39.637 around how this actually gets embraced 00:13:39.720 --> 00:13:43.837 and rolled out. And it sounds as though um there's an opportunity to really have 00:13:43.920 --> 00:13:47.717 some fascinating opportunities going forward. So, 00:13:47.800 --> 00:13:49.877 looking forward to learning more. 00:13:49.960 --> 00:13:52.557 >> That's right. And then I think your point about the humanity part, right? 00:13:52.640 --> 00:13:54.397 Which is that's why I love to describe 00:13:54.480 --> 00:13:57.397 even this age is the age of co-pilots. 00:13:57.480 --> 00:14:01.077 Um it's about humans having more agency 00:14:01.160 --> 00:14:03.757 and more capability with computers. It's 00:14:03.840 --> 00:14:08.677 not about autopilot. Uh it's really about sort of ultimately human judgment, 00:14:08.760 --> 00:14:11.597 human agency matters, and giving more tools. 00:14:11.680 --> 00:14:14.157 >> You know, I was listening to um a 00:14:14.240 --> 00:14:16.037 podcast recently, and it there was a 00:14:16.120 --> 00:14:19.677 conversation around how quickly 00:14:19.760 --> 00:14:23.557 generative AI is accelerating. And it was 00:14:23.640 --> 00:14:27.597 uh fascinating to hear there are two sides to it, right? It's 00:14:27.680 --> 00:14:31.117 It's it's being accelerated because companies 00:14:31.200 --> 00:14:34.797 are investing in it because they see the possibilities, 00:14:34.880 --> 00:14:37.677 and humans are embracing it because 00:14:37.760 --> 00:14:42.797 they're excited about what this the change this can have. And so, um I think 00:14:42.880 --> 00:14:46.077 there's more for us to learn and more for us to see, and the important thing 00:14:46.160 --> 00:14:49.277 is to be responsible around it. So, looking forward to seeing what happens 00:14:49.360 --> 00:14:51.877 next. Um 00:14:51.960 --> 00:14:56.477 I have We talked about empathy as kind of an under-served 00:14:56.560 --> 00:14:58.557 leadership skill. 00:14:58.640 --> 00:15:01.357 The other one is curiosity uh in my 00:15:01.440 --> 00:15:03.997 opinion. And so, you have had all your 00:15:04.080 --> 00:15:06.757 life a passion for information and 00:15:06.840 --> 00:15:11.877 curiosity, specifically when it comes to technology and the impact it has on the 00:15:11.960 --> 00:15:15.797 world. It's been a through-line throughout your life. 00:15:15.880 --> 00:15:19.637 We both know curiosity is powerful. For me, it's all about wonder and 00:15:19.720 --> 00:15:22.797 questioning. So, as an agent for change, 00:15:22.880 --> 00:15:26.997 what do you consider as you continue to challenge what's possible? Because 00:15:27.080 --> 00:15:31.037 you've done that so much, and it's fascinating to watch. Uh so, tell me a 00:15:31.120 --> 00:15:35.437 little bit about that. >> It's a great way to phrase it. I mean, curiosity, 00:15:35.520 --> 00:15:40.397 um you know, our CTO, Kevin Scott, you know, uh you know, recently said something 00:15:40.480 --> 00:15:43.357 which has stuck with me, right? He talks about whenever there are these new 00:15:43.440 --> 00:15:46.637 possibilities or new paradigm shifts, uh 00:15:46.720 --> 00:15:49.277 in our case with some new technology, 00:15:49.360 --> 00:15:53.917 it's when, you know, something hard is possible now. That's very exciting. 00:15:54.000 --> 00:15:57.237 That's fantastic. But, when what was something that we 00:15:57.320 --> 00:16:01.117 sort of considered impossible is possible, that's magical, right? That's 00:16:01.200 --> 00:16:06.397 sort of uh I think what you should be curious about. What was something that was 00:16:06.480 --> 00:16:10.597 impossible that now can be made possible 00:16:10.680 --> 00:16:13.077 uh because of some new input, some or 00:16:13.160 --> 00:16:17.797 new human ingenuity. Uh so, one of the areas I'm thinking a 00:16:17.880 --> 00:16:22.637 lot about with the all this generative AI capability is um 00:16:22.720 --> 00:16:24.437 take something like chemistry, right? 00:16:24.520 --> 00:16:27.677 When I think about energy and energy transition, 00:16:27.760 --> 00:16:29.917 fundamentally, what we are talking about 00:16:30.000 --> 00:16:33.117 is taking 250 years of chemistry and try 00:16:33.200 --> 00:16:35.397 to compress it in perhaps into 25 years, 00:16:35.480 --> 00:16:37.077 right? Because we've got to synthesize 00:16:37.160 --> 00:16:40.317 some new new compounds, new molecules, 00:16:40.400 --> 00:16:44.157 uh new materials, what have you. And so, if you sort of take that as the 00:16:44.240 --> 00:16:47.277 challenge, then how do you apply both 00:16:47.360 --> 00:16:52.277 human ingenuity, curiosity, and this new tool and technology to go after that 00:16:52.360 --> 00:16:54.277 sort of impossibility and turning it 00:16:54.360 --> 00:16:57.317 into something that uh is possible. 00:16:57.400 --> 00:16:59.877 >> You know, one of my favorite quotes is a 00:16:59.960 --> 00:17:05.477 quote by Nelson Mandela, and he said, "It is impossible until it 00:17:05.560 --> 00:17:09.077 is done." And so, I think you and the work that 00:17:09.160 --> 00:17:14.557 you and your team are doing is a perfect example of that. There's a lot of really 00:17:14.640 --> 00:17:18.317 um great things to kind of stand on the 00:17:18.400 --> 00:17:21.357 sideline or be involved in as generative 00:17:21.440 --> 00:17:25.917 AI and technology continues to change the world. 00:17:26.000 --> 00:17:30.197 Thank you so much for a great conversation. I can't wait to see where 00:17:30.280 --> 00:17:33.917 Microsoft goes and where our partnerships go from here. It's been a 00:17:34.000 --> 00:17:37.557 real pleasure having this conversation with you, Satya. 00:17:37.640 --> 00:17:40.317 >> Thank you so much, Glenda, for the opportunity. It was a real pleasure and 00:17:40.400 --> 00:17:42.677 thank you so much for the partnership as well. 00:17:42.760 --> 00:17:46.160 >> Absolutely. Have a great day.