1 00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:03,037 we have a 10-year-old and so you know we and we actually homeschool and so we we 2 00:00:03,120 --> 00:00:06,477 we think a lot about this. Um, so I 3 00:00:06,560 --> 00:00:10,637 think the way to think about the impact of AI on on people on specifically 4 00:00:10,720 --> 00:00:13,837 people as individuals. I think it's it's it's actually, you know, a lot of people 5 00:00:13,920 --> 00:00:16,797 just focus on kind of this, you know, this kind of very I would say 6 00:00:16,880 --> 00:00:20,317 straightforward and or overly simplistic view of just literally job gains, you 7 00:00:20,400 --> 00:00:23,437 know, job losses, which we could talk about, but there's two specific things 8 00:00:23,520 --> 00:00:26,637 at the level of like an individual person, an individual kid. So I think 9 00:00:26,720 --> 00:00:31,037 it's pretty clear that AI is going to take people who are good at doing things 10 00:00:31,120 --> 00:00:34,077 and it's going to make them very good at doing things, right? And so it's going 11 00:00:34,160 --> 00:00:37,117 to be a tool that's going to sort of raise the average kind of across the 12 00:00:37,200 --> 00:00:40,077 board. And you know, look, you see that playing out already. You know, anybody 13 00:00:40,160 --> 00:00:42,637 who's in a position where they need to, you know, write something or design 14 00:00:42,720 --> 00:00:45,117 something or write code or whatever, if they're if they're pretty good at it 15 00:00:45,200 --> 00:00:47,757 today, they use they use AI and all of a sudden they're very good at it. And so 16 00:00:47,840 --> 00:00:49,597 there there's sort of that aspect to it. 17 00:00:49,680 --> 00:00:52,877 And I think that the the way the education system at large is going to is 18 00:00:52,960 --> 00:00:56,717 going to kind of teach AI is is going to be based, you know, hopefully a lot on 19 00:00:56,800 --> 00:01:00,157 that. But then there's this other thing that's happening which we're also 20 00:01:00,240 --> 00:01:04,397 starting to see and we're really seeing it particularly in coding right now. Um 21 00:01:04,480 --> 00:01:06,237 where the really great people are 22 00:01:06,320 --> 00:01:08,877 becoming like spectacularly great, 23 00:01:08,960 --> 00:01:12,317 right? Um and so you just you kind of 24 00:01:12,400 --> 00:01:16,397 use it use the term you think about like the supermpowered individual, right? So 25 00:01:16,480 --> 00:01:19,037 the individual who is like really good 26 00:01:19,120 --> 00:01:23,837 um at coding or really good at making movies or really good at making songs or 27 00:01:23,920 --> 00:01:27,277 really good at designing you know making art or whatever whatever those things 28 00:01:27,360 --> 00:01:31,277 are or or you know or podcasting or you know hopefully venture capital you know 29 00:01:31,360 --> 00:01:34,797 if if you're very good at it and you can really harness AI you can become 30 00:01:34,880 --> 00:01:39,837 spectacularly great uh and like super productive right and you know I'm sure 31 00:01:39,920 --> 00:01:43,437 you have a lot of friends in this in this category as well but like you know 32 00:01:43,520 --> 00:01:45,677 the the really really good coders are experiencing this right now my friends 33 00:01:45,760 --> 00:01:48,717 who are really good coders are like, "Oh my god, all of a sudden I'm not twice as 34 00:01:48,800 --> 00:01:53,117 good as I used to be. I'm like 10 times as good as I used to be." And so I think 35 00:01:53,200 --> 00:01:57,677 at the at the unit of like n equals one of like an individual kid, I think the 36 00:01:57,760 --> 00:02:00,397 question is kind of how do you get them in a position where they're kind of this 37 00:02:00,480 --> 00:02:03,997 kind of supermpowered individual such that they're going to be really kind of 38 00:02:04,080 --> 00:02:06,557 deep in whatever it is they're going to do, but they're going to they're going 39 00:02:06,640 --> 00:02:09,517 to be deep in a way that's going to let them fully use the power of AI to be not 40 00:02:09,600 --> 00:02:13,437 just great, but to be like spectacularly great. Um, and and I think that that 41 00:02:13,520 --> 00:02:16,237 that's that's going to be the real, you know, that that that that that's the 42 00:02:16,320 --> 00:02:18,237 real opportunity and that, you know, at least that's what we're shooting for and 43 00:02:18,320 --> 00:02:19,677 that's what I would encourage parents to shoot for. 44 00:02:19,760 --> 00:02:22,317 >> So, what I heard there is essentially agency, this word that we see on Twitter 45 00:02:22,400 --> 00:02:26,157 all the time is building uh agency, them not waiting for someone to tell them 46 00:02:26,240 --> 00:02:27,837 what to do, figuring out what to do. 47 00:02:27,920 --> 00:02:30,797 >> Yeah. Yeah. So, this this this this thing with this this term agency that's 48 00:02:30,880 --> 00:02:35,037 become very very um you know, very popular um certainly California for the 49 00:02:35,120 --> 00:02:37,677 last couple years. It's really interesting because it's it's I had a 50 00:02:37,760 --> 00:02:39,837 lot of trouble with this early on because I'm like agency, what are they 51 00:02:39,920 --> 00:02:41,837 talking about? And what what they're kind of talking about is like, you know, 52 00:02:41,920 --> 00:02:44,637 initi, you know, initiative, you know, 53 00:02:44,720 --> 00:02:46,237 um you know, willingness to, you know, 54 00:02:46,320 --> 00:02:49,197 you could just do things. Um you know, 55 00:02:49,280 --> 00:02:53,677 uh what is it? Uh the the demo has the great term live player. Um you know, you 56 00:02:53,760 --> 00:02:57,357 you you can be like a primary participant in events. And at first I 57 00:02:57,440 --> 00:03:01,677 was like, well, yeah, like that's kind of obvious, right? like of course and 58 00:03:01,760 --> 00:03:05,677 and and then I'm like oh actually it's not so obvious anymore because kind of 59 00:03:05,760 --> 00:03:08,877 your your point I think so much of our society is based on like there are all 60 00:03:08,960 --> 00:03:12,717 these rules and everybody gets taught kind of by default you're supposed to 61 00:03:12,800 --> 00:03:16,397 follow all these rules right and then everybody if you like break the rules 62 00:03:16,480 --> 00:03:19,037 like everybody gets freaked out it's like oh my god he broke the rules and so 63 00:03:19,120 --> 00:03:22,797 like we we we have somehow worked our our way our way kind of you know I don't 64 00:03:22,880 --> 00:03:26,317 know psychologically sociologically you know kind of into a state in which I 65 00:03:26,400 --> 00:03:29,437 guess the natural assumption for a lot of people is you know the thing that you 66 00:03:29,520 --> 00:03:32,317 for example the thing you want train kids to do is like follow all the rules. 67 00:03:32,400 --> 00:03:35,037 Um, and you know, you could argue that kind of you know, for example, the you 68 00:03:35,120 --> 00:03:37,517 know, the school system, the K through2 school system or whatever has gotten 69 00:03:37,600 --> 00:03:40,157 kind of more and more focused on that over time. And it's like, yeah, it's 70 00:03:40,240 --> 00:03:43,757 like no, you you should actually and again, especially at unit unit n equals 71 00:03:43,840 --> 00:03:47,757 1, like of your kid, it's like and look, there's there's something to be had. We 72 00:03:47,840 --> 00:03:50,717 I just had this conversation with my 10-year-old last night, actually. I I I 73 00:03:50,800 --> 00:03:55,437 rolled out uh [snorts] uh the concept of uh you know, in order to lead, you must 74 00:03:55,520 --> 00:03:58,717 first learn to obey, right? In order to you know, issue orders, you must learn 75 00:03:58,800 --> 00:04:03,357 how to follow orders. and you know you kind of trying to keep keep him with 76 00:04:03,440 --> 00:04:07,037 some level of structure in his life and not just and not just pure agency but 77 00:04:07,120 --> 00:04:09,597 yeah I mean and so look you know some rules are important and so forth but 78 00:04:09,680 --> 00:04:12,717 yeah no look there there is like a huge pre there there's just a huge premium in 79 00:04:12,800 --> 00:04:16,077 life on being somebody who is able to like fully take responsibility for 80 00:04:16,160 --> 00:04:19,757 things fully take charge run an organization lead a project create 81 00:04:19,840 --> 00:04:24,637 something new um and you know maybe yeah that that has been maybe a little bit 82 00:04:24,720 --> 00:04:29,117 diminished in our culture over the last 30 years it you know it's it's healthy 83 00:04:29,200 --> 00:04:32,557 you know that that you know that that there's now a term for that that that is 84 00:04:32,640 --> 00:04:36,237 coming back back into vogue and then and then and again that's how I view AI for 85 00:04:36,320 --> 00:04:39,837 kids is like okay AI should be the ultimate letter on the world for a kid 86 00:04:39,920 --> 00:04:43,997 with agency to be able to say okay I can actually be a primary contributor right 87 00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:46,877 whether that's I can be a primary contributor in everything from you know 88 00:04:46,960 --> 00:04:50,877 developing new areas of physics to writing code to being an artist uh you 89 00:04:50,960 --> 00:04:53,597 know to writing you know to writing novels like you know whatever that thing 90 00:04:53,680 --> 00:04:56,797 is I I can fully participate in the world I can really change things and I 91 00:04:56,880 --> 00:04:59,997 and I that that feel that The combination of that idea combined with 92 00:05:00,080 --> 00:05:01,597 this technology feels very healthy to me. 93 00:05:01,680 --> 00:05:04,237 >> What is that quote about? Give me a lever and I'll move the world. 94 00:05:04,320 --> 00:05:06,557 >> And I'll move the world. Yeah, that's exactly right. Well, so it's actually 95 00:05:06,640 --> 00:05:11,117 funny you mentioned that. So the the um the uh the early kind of scientists 96 00:05:11,200 --> 00:05:14,237 including like Isaac Newton were super obsessed with with you know this concept 97 00:05:14,320 --> 00:05:17,277 of alchemy, right? It's like you know they you know they you know they 98 00:05:17,360 --> 00:05:19,917 developed like you know Newton he's like developed Newtonian physics and he 99 00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:21,997 developed like calculus and all these things but the thing he was really 100 00:05:22,080 --> 00:05:25,357 obsessed with was alchemy which was the thing he could never get to work right 101 00:05:25,440 --> 00:05:28,717 and and and alchemy was the transmutation of lead into gold which 102 00:05:28,800 --> 00:05:32,157 meant the transmutation of something that was very common which was lead into 103 00:05:32,240 --> 00:05:34,477 something that was very rare and valuable which was gold. And you know 104 00:05:34,560 --> 00:05:37,677 they there was this the he spent you know decades trying to figure out this 105 00:05:37,760 --> 00:05:41,117 thing called the philosopher stone which would be basically the the machine or 106 00:05:41,200 --> 00:05:44,157 the process that would would be able to transmute the rare you know the common 107 00:05:44,240 --> 00:05:47,437 thing into the rare thing led into gold and he never figured it out and you know 108 00:05:47,520 --> 00:05:51,197 it's incredibly frustrating nobody ever figured that out and now we literally 109 00:05:51,280 --> 00:05:57,030 with AI have a technology that transfers sand into thought [laughter] 110 00:05:57,200 --> 00:06:00,397 >> just blew my mind >> right the the the most common thing in 111 00:06:00,480 --> 00:06:04,317 the world which is sand converted into the most rare thing in the world which is 112 00:06:04,400 --> 00:06:09,037 Right. And and so AI is it is it is the it is the philosopher stone. Like it it 113 00:06:09,120 --> 00:06:12,617 is that it it actually is that and it's just this incredibly powerful tool. 114 00:06:12,700 --> 00:06:15,277 [snorts] Um and and that's where I that's where I get so excited. I mean 115 00:06:15,360 --> 00:06:17,277 and again this is what we're doing with our 10-year-old which is like all right 116 00:06:17,360 --> 00:06:20,797 a primary thing that we want to make sure to to do is to make sure that he 117 00:06:20,880 --> 00:06:24,477 knows fully how to leverage and and get and get benefit out of the philosopher 118 00:06:24,560 --> 00:06:27,997 stone, right? Which is uh you know which is to say AI and that that and then you 119 00:06:28,080 --> 00:06:29,997 know that's certainly central to everything we're teaching him. You know, 120 00:06:30,080 --> 00:06:32,717 there's there's this meme going around that um you know, Silicon Valley people 121 00:06:32,800 --> 00:06:36,477 don't let their kids use computers. And I I just I I there may be a handful of 122 00:06:36,560 --> 00:06:39,677 people who are like that. I I don't you know, I don't know. Um I I think it's 123 00:06:39,760 --> 00:06:43,037 more honestly the other way around, which is uh the you know, the more 124 00:06:43,120 --> 00:06:45,517 you're kind of plugged into stuff in Silicon Valley, the more important it is 125 00:06:45,600 --> 00:06:47,757 to make sure that your kids actually fully understand this and know how to 126 00:06:47,840 --> 00:06:50,397 use it. And that's certainly the mode that we're in. And that's that's 127 00:06:50,480 --> 00:06:52,557 certainly the mode that I would encourage parents to think about. 128 00:06:52,640 --> 00:06:55,197 >> I did not know your kid was homeschooled. That is super interesting. 129 00:06:55,280 --> 00:06:59,677 There it's almost a statement on, you know, education in today's day. Maybe is 130 00:06:59,760 --> 00:07:02,957 there any thoughts there? I'm just for folks that maybe aren't in your tax 131 00:07:03,040 --> 00:07:07,277 bracket that want to help their kids be successful, maybe homeschool, maybe not. 132 00:07:07,360 --> 00:07:08,717 What what advice would you have? 133 00:07:08,800 --> 00:07:11,597 >> This is the challenge and again this this kind of goes to how you're you know 134 00:07:11,680 --> 00:07:16,637 kind of your original question which is education there's two completely 135 00:07:16,720 --> 00:07:20,717 different ways to talk about think about education. The way that's usually 136 00:07:20,800 --> 00:07:24,077 thought about and talked about is kind of at the level of like a nation, right? 137 00:07:24,160 --> 00:07:27,357 So, so you know it's like a national level issue or maybe a state level issue 138 00:07:27,440 --> 00:07:30,477 in the US which is basically like how do you educate all the kids and of course 139 00:07:30,560 --> 00:07:33,037 that's incredibly important and of course you're going to need like some 140 00:07:33,120 --> 00:07:36,077 level of large scale system like the you know the national K through2 school 141 00:07:36,160 --> 00:07:39,997 system or something like that you know in order in order to do that um but then 142 00:07:40,080 --> 00:07:43,917 there's this other question which is like at n equals 1 for an individual kid 143 00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:48,317 like what can you do with with an individual kid um and so I'll just give 144 00:07:48,400 --> 00:07:50,877 you kind of the ultimate you know kind of the ultimate answer to that question 145 00:07:50,960 --> 00:07:53,917 which is it's been known for centuries 146 00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:57,117 that the ideal way to teach a kid at the 147 00:07:57,200 --> 00:08:02,157 unit of n equals 1, by far the ideal way to do it is is with one-on-one tutoring. 148 00:08:02,240 --> 00:08:04,797 Like if you just have an individual kid and the goal is to maximize an 149 00:08:04,880 --> 00:08:08,637 individual kid, by far you get the best results with one-on-one tutoring. And 150 00:08:08,720 --> 00:08:12,557 and this is something that like every royal family knew in history. It's 151 00:08:12,640 --> 00:08:15,757 something that every aristocratic class knew in history. There's all these 152 00:08:15,840 --> 00:08:19,277 amazing examples. Alexander the Great was tutored by Aristotle. He took over 153 00:08:19,360 --> 00:08:23,437 the world, right? like you know many of the great kings and queens and you know 154 00:08:23,520 --> 00:08:26,557 royal families and aristocrats and so forth you know over the course of 155 00:08:26,640 --> 00:08:30,397 centuries um you know kind of always had always had this approach. There's 156 00:08:30,480 --> 00:08:33,997 actually also statistical evidence um analytical evidence that this is 157 00:08:34,080 --> 00:08:37,437 correct. Um there there's this you know massive question in the field of 158 00:08:37,520 --> 00:08:40,397 education which is how do you improve educational outcomes and basically it 159 00:08:40,480 --> 00:08:42,877 turns out it's just it's very hard to improve educational outcomes except 160 00:08:42,960 --> 00:08:45,757 there's one method that always does it which is called the it's called the 161 00:08:45,840 --> 00:08:49,037 bloom two sigma effect which is there's one method of education that routinely 162 00:08:49,120 --> 00:08:52,877 raises student outcomes by two standards of deviation and will take a kid from 163 00:08:52,960 --> 00:08:56,717 the 50th percentile to the 99th percentile and that's oneonone tutoring 164 00:08:56,800 --> 00:09:00,477 right so again if you go back to like at n equals one you have like a kid and a 165 00:09:00,560 --> 00:09:03,757 tutor and they're in this like you know very tight loop with each other you know 166 00:09:03,840 --> 00:09:06,557 where the kid is able to constantly kind of be on the leading edge of what 167 00:09:06,640 --> 00:09:08,717 they're capable of doing and they can they, you know, they they can move 168 00:09:08,800 --> 00:09:11,677 incredibly fast and they get kind of correction in real time, you get these 169 00:09:11,760 --> 00:09:13,917 better outcomes. But, you know, to your question, like it's never been 170 00:09:14,000 --> 00:09:17,117 economically feasible for anybody other than the richest people in society to be 171 00:09:17,200 --> 00:09:21,357 able to provide one-on-one tutoring for kids. AI provides the very real prospect 172 00:09:21,440 --> 00:09:24,797 of being able to do that, right? Because obviously now, right, if you have a kid 173 00:09:24,880 --> 00:09:27,677 that's like super interested in something and they can talk to, you 174 00:09:27,760 --> 00:09:31,357 know, an LLM about it and they can ask an infinite number of questions and they 175 00:09:31,440 --> 00:09:35,117 can get instantaneous feedback. Um, and in fact, you can even tell an LLM it's 176 00:09:35,200 --> 00:09:37,997 like, you know, teach me how to do the following. And you can say, you know, 177 00:09:38,080 --> 00:09:39,917 wow, that's like I don't quite understand what you're saying. Like, 178 00:09:40,000 --> 00:09:43,357 dumb it down for me a little bit. Um, okay, now quiz me, you know, do I 179 00:09:43,440 --> 00:09:47,677 actually understand this? Like people can just do this today, right? Um, and 180 00:09:47,760 --> 00:09:51,437 so I I think there's this like massive opportunity for for parents, you know, 181 00:09:51,520 --> 00:09:54,317 in in many walks of life to be, you know, with with with a little bit of 182 00:09:54,400 --> 00:09:57,757 time and focus, uh, to be able to say, okay, you know, my my kids's probably 183 00:09:57,840 --> 00:09:59,837 still going to go through a traditional education system, but I'm going to 184 00:09:59,920 --> 00:10:03,117 augment this with AI tutoring. Um, and of course there, you know, and of course 185 00:10:03,200 --> 00:10:06,560 there's going to be tons of startups, right?