WEBVTT 00:00:00.160 --> 00:00:04.477 Please, please have a seat. Now, I'm sure we can do a bigger round of 00:00:04.560 --> 00:00:07.037 applause for one of the greatest two 00:00:07.120 --> 00:00:11.277 leaders of our history. Let's go ahead. 00:00:11.360 --> 00:00:15.117 So, we're talking about I lost count, 00:00:15.200 --> 00:00:17.357 you know, 7 to8 trillion dollars worth 00:00:17.440 --> 00:00:21.597 of market cap comp. I lost count. But 00:00:21.680 --> 00:00:24.637 right now, we're here to celebrate a 00:00:24.720 --> 00:00:28.717 historic moment. A moment that yesterday 00:00:28.800 --> 00:00:30.957 during the dinner and thank you for for 00:00:31.040 --> 00:00:34.637 joining us under the patronage of the 00:00:34.720 --> 00:00:38.637 honorable president and his royal highness the crown prince Musedi where 00:00:38.720 --> 00:00:40.397 we had the pleasure to hear it 00:00:40.480 --> 00:00:44.317 firsthand. This is the greatest alliance 00:00:44.400 --> 00:00:47.357 between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and 00:00:47.440 --> 00:00:50.077 the United States where we have joined 00:00:50.160 --> 00:00:52.637 hands and you have helped us build our 00:00:52.720 --> 00:00:55.437 energy based economy fueling and 00:00:55.520 --> 00:00:58.237 energizing the industrial age and now 00:00:58.320 --> 00:01:00.397 fast forward going to the intelligence 00:01:00.480 --> 00:01:04.557 age where we can fuel AI factories 00:01:04.640 --> 00:01:08.557 robotics EVs and all of the rest. 00:01:08.640 --> 00:01:12.237 Speaking of that, let's start with you Elon if you don't mind Jensen and feel 00:01:12.320 --> 00:01:14.637 free to chive in you have a big 00:01:14.720 --> 00:01:17.597 fascination of something all of us have 00:01:17.680 --> 00:01:20.157 admired first order thinking which 00:01:20.240 --> 00:01:22.477 Jensen sometimes calls first order 00:01:22.560 --> 00:01:25.517 scaling which is an opportunity for how 00:01:25.600 --> 00:01:28.557 you have dropped the cost of batteries 00:01:28.640 --> 00:01:31.757 from a thousand for kilowatt hour to 00:01:31.840 --> 00:01:34.637 subund bucks and right now you're doing 00:01:34.720 --> 00:01:36.877 the same thing with robotics for 00:01:36.960 --> 00:01:40.877 actuators with servo rotors and motors. 00:01:40.960 --> 00:01:43.837 So I want to hear from you. How do you 00:01:43.920 --> 00:01:46.957 manage to always disrupt every single 00:01:47.040 --> 00:01:49.677 industry with that thinking? 00:01:49.760 --> 00:01:52.557 Well, it's mostly not disruption, it's 00:01:52.640 --> 00:01:58.317 uh creation. So with uh say SpaceX with 00:01:58.400 --> 00:02:00.397 reusable rockets, uh there really 00:02:00.480 --> 00:02:04.077 weren't any reusable rockets. Um, 00:02:04.160 --> 00:02:08.957 but the essence of getting of revolutionizing space travel is 00:02:09.040 --> 00:02:10.877 reusability. If you throw the rocket 00:02:10.960 --> 00:02:13.277 away every time, the cost of access to 00:02:13.360 --> 00:02:16.637 space is extremely high. Um, with 00:02:16.720 --> 00:02:21.197 respect to electric cars, there there weren't any electric cars when we 00:02:21.280 --> 00:02:25.997 started making them really. You couldn't buy any to the best of my knowledge. Um, 00:02:26.080 --> 00:02:27.917 so with Tesla, we wanted to make 00:02:28.000 --> 00:02:30.077 electric cars compelling um, and 00:02:30.160 --> 00:02:33.917 affordable. That was the goal. Um the uh 00:02:34.000 --> 00:02:38.157 you know with respect to humanoid robotics, there are no useful humanoid 00:02:38.240 --> 00:02:42.157 robotic robots at this point. Um there are sort of gimmicks, but there are 00:02:42.240 --> 00:02:47.037 there are no actually useful humanoid robots. Um and I think Tesla's going to 00:02:47.120 --> 00:02:51.037 make the first actually useful humanoid robots. Um and this will be quite a 00:02:51.120 --> 00:02:56.077 revolution and I think something that will that everyone will want. Uh because 00:02:56.160 --> 00:03:01.357 I always think of like who who wouldn't want their own personal C3PO R2-D2. 00:03:01.440 --> 00:03:05.037 >> Oh yeah, >> of course everyone would want one, 00:03:05.120 --> 00:03:09.917 right? And and then there would be many in industry uh providing products and 00:03:10.000 --> 00:03:13.357 services. This is why I say that humanoid robots will be the biggest 00:03:13.440 --> 00:03:15.917 industry or the biggest product ever. 00:03:16.000 --> 00:03:18.477 Um, bigger than cell phones or anything 00:03:18.560 --> 00:03:20.557 else because everyone's going to want 00:03:20.640 --> 00:03:23.437 one and uh or maybe more than one and 00:03:23.520 --> 00:03:26.877 there'll be many in industry. Um, 00:03:26.960 --> 00:03:30.557 >> I just want R2-D2 in C3PO's body. 00:03:30.640 --> 00:03:34.477 >> Yeah, there you go. Um, [laughter] >> well, I mean, a humanoid robot would be 00:03:34.560 --> 00:03:36.717 better than R2-D2 and C3 VO combined. 00:03:36.800 --> 00:03:37.917 Yeah. Times 10. 00:03:38.000 --> 00:03:41.917 >> Yeah. So the it and and you know people 00:03:42.000 --> 00:03:45.037 often talk about uh sort of eliminating 00:03:45.120 --> 00:03:49.037 poverty and that kind of thing but really the there's how long have they 00:03:49.120 --> 00:03:53.357 been talking about that? Um there's lots of talk uh you know there's lots of 00:03:53.440 --> 00:03:55.677 NOS's sort of trying to do these things 00:03:55.760 --> 00:03:58.717 but but really not succeeding. Um and 00:03:58.800 --> 00:04:00.877 and you know the evidence speaks for 00:04:00.960 --> 00:04:04.717 itself. Uh but but but AI and humanoid 00:04:04.800 --> 00:04:07.997 robots will actually eliminate poverty. 00:04:08.080 --> 00:04:10.717 And Tesla won't be the only one that makes them. I think Tesla will pioneer 00:04:10.800 --> 00:04:14.317 this. But there will be many other companies that make humanoid robots. But 00:04:14.400 --> 00:04:19.197 there there is only basically one way to uh make everyone wealthy and that is AI 00:04:19.280 --> 00:04:21.037 and robotics. 00:04:21.120 --> 00:04:23.277 And we can't talk about robotics without 00:04:23.360 --> 00:04:26.317 AI factories. And yesterday was such a 00:04:26.400 --> 00:04:29.197 historic day for the two nations but 00:04:29.280 --> 00:04:32.557 also for all of us where we celebrate 00:04:32.640 --> 00:04:35.677 the AI strategic partnership with the US 00:04:35.760 --> 00:04:38.317 s signed witnessed by the honorable 00:04:38.400 --> 00:04:40.797 president and his royal highness about 00:04:40.880 --> 00:04:44.797 how we are committing our capital energy 00:04:44.880 --> 00:04:49.677 land to energize the AI US ecosystem to 00:04:49.760 --> 00:04:54.557 be able to build inference node training nodes and to be the most AI enabled 00:04:54.640 --> 00:04:57.357 nation. With that announcement, tell me what's 00:04:57.440 --> 00:04:59.677 what's next in AI factories. Jensen, 00:04:59.760 --> 00:05:01.837 >> there there's a there's a beautiful 00:05:01.920 --> 00:05:04.397 story about how Saudi Arabia's building 00:05:04.480 --> 00:05:08.877 AI refineries now building AI fac or oil refineries to AI factories. 00:05:08.960 --> 00:05:12.717 >> I love that. >> I you know I've said that that AI is an 00:05:12.800 --> 00:05:15.997 infrastructure and the reason for that of course we understand AI from the 00:05:16.080 --> 00:05:20.557 perspective of the technology and how it's revolutionizing every industry. 00:05:20.640 --> 00:05:22.477 Digital intelligence of course has 00:05:22.560 --> 00:05:26.077 applications into every every field and 00:05:26.160 --> 00:05:27.677 so it's going to be used by every 00:05:27.760 --> 00:05:30.237 company, every industry, every country. 00:05:30.320 --> 00:05:33.597 In that way, it's foundational and 00:05:33.680 --> 00:05:35.357 therefore it's part of infrastructure. 00:05:35.440 --> 00:05:39.357 What is new about AI from a computer 00:05:39.440 --> 00:05:42.637 science perspective is that the way 00:05:42.720 --> 00:05:47.037 computing was done in the past was largely retrievalbased computing. 00:05:47.120 --> 00:05:49.597 Somebody typed in a story or somebody 00:05:49.680 --> 00:05:52.637 created a a piece of art or came came up 00:05:52.720 --> 00:05:55.517 with four versions of a digital ad or 00:05:55.600 --> 00:05:59.357 it's all pre-built by somebody which is 00:05:59.440 --> 00:06:02.157 then using a system to retrieve the 00:06:02.240 --> 00:06:03.677 appropriate version for you. It's a 00:06:03.760 --> 00:06:07.277 retrievalbased computing model. Hadoop 00:06:07.360 --> 00:06:12.157 and many of the the the frameworks and operating systems of the past all 00:06:12.240 --> 00:06:16.877 designed to retrieve the appropriate information for you. But today software 00:06:16.960 --> 00:06:19.117 is going to be generated in real time. 00:06:19.200 --> 00:06:23.277 It's generative based on the context, based on the circumstance, based on who 00:06:23.360 --> 00:06:27.117 you are, based on the problem you ask that based on your prompt. It will 00:06:27.200 --> 00:06:32.077 generate unique content for you every single time for everybody. It's unique. 00:06:32.160 --> 00:06:36.477 When you use Grock, every time you use it is different based on right based on 00:06:36.560 --> 00:06:40.397 based on the based on the prompt that you give it and based on the circumstance and 00:06:40.480 --> 00:06:43.037 >> and so therefore it used to be 00:06:43.120 --> 00:06:44.957 retrievalbased 00:06:45.040 --> 00:06:47.437 today it's generative and if it's 00:06:47.520 --> 00:06:52.077 generative then and every time is different then you need AI factories all 00:06:52.160 --> 00:06:55.757 over the world to generate the content in real time which is the reason why you 00:06:55.840 --> 00:06:59.757 need AI factories and and this is a unique way of doing computation but the 00:06:59.840 --> 00:07:04.477 benefit of course is that Everything isn't preconceived and pre-documented 00:07:04.560 --> 00:07:08.557 and it's it's contextually s contextually sensible and and therefore 00:07:08.640 --> 00:07:12.157 intelligent. >> So AI factories and robotics and we 00:07:12.240 --> 00:07:13.917 heard it yesterday from his royal 00:07:14.000 --> 00:07:16.877 highness his vision how to augment our 00:07:16.960 --> 00:07:19.677 workforce with roughly tens of millions 00:07:19.760 --> 00:07:22.637 of robotics to be able to infuse the 00:07:22.720 --> 00:07:25.277 next wave of productivity and progress. 00:07:25.360 --> 00:07:28.317 But this scares a lot of folks comes to 00:07:28.400 --> 00:07:32.877 the future of jobs. So let's hear about your thoughts uh Elon and Jensen on 00:07:32.960 --> 00:07:37.277 that. >> Uh sure. Well 00:07:37.360 --> 00:07:39.677 um if you say like in the long term 00:07:39.760 --> 00:07:44.317 where will things end up long term? I don't know what long term is. Maybe it's 00:07:44.400 --> 00:07:46.317 10 20 years something like that. For me 00:07:46.400 --> 00:07:51.437 that's long term. Um my prediction is that work will be optional. 00:07:51.520 --> 00:07:56.717 >> Optional. >> Optional. Um so 00:07:56.800 --> 00:08:00.717 >> we'll take that. >> Yeah. I mean it it'll be like uh playing 00:08:00.800 --> 00:08:02.397 sports or a video game or something like 00:08:02.480 --> 00:08:05.757 that. Um if you want to work uh you know 00:08:05.840 --> 00:08:07.997 in the same way like you can you can go 00:08:08.080 --> 00:08:12.877 to the store and just buy some vegetables or you could grow vegetables 00:08:12.960 --> 00:08:16.637 in your backyard. It's much harder to grow vegetables in your backyard but 00:08:16.720 --> 00:08:18.237 some people still do it because they 00:08:18.320 --> 00:08:20.797 like growing growing vegetables. Um that 00:08:20.880 --> 00:08:25.677 will be what work is like optional. Um now between now and then there's 00:08:25.760 --> 00:08:28.237 actually a lot of work to get to that point. Mhm. 00:08:28.320 --> 00:08:31.117 >> Um, and I always recommend people read 00:08:31.200 --> 00:08:34.077 read Yin Banks uh culture books to get a 00:08:34.160 --> 00:08:37.917 sense for what a probable 00:08:38.000 --> 00:08:41.437 positive AI future is like. Um, and 00:08:41.520 --> 00:08:43.757 interestingly in those books, money is 00:08:43.840 --> 00:08:47.037 no longer doesn't exist. 00:08:47.120 --> 00:08:51.677 It's kind of interesting. And I I my guess is in in if you go out long enough 00:08:51.760 --> 00:08:53.437 assuming there's a continued improvement 00:08:53.520 --> 00:08:57.277 in AI and robotics which seems likely 00:08:57.360 --> 00:09:00.317 the money will will stop being relevant 00:09:00.400 --> 00:09:03.357 at some point in the future. Um now 00:09:03.440 --> 00:09:06.237 there will still be constraints on power 00:09:06.320 --> 00:09:10.077 like electricity and mass. Uh the 00:09:10.160 --> 00:09:12.077 fundamental physics elements will still 00:09:12.160 --> 00:09:15.997 be still be constraints. Um but um I 00:09:16.080 --> 00:09:18.077 think at some point 00:09:18.160 --> 00:09:23.197 uh currency becomes irrelevant. 00:09:23.280 --> 00:09:25.757 >> Jensen, any thoughts? 00:09:25.840 --> 00:09:30.570 >> Um [laughter] 00:09:30.880 --> 00:09:34.957 by the way, the Nvidia earnings call is later today. [laughter] 00:09:35.040 --> 00:09:38.957 >> And by the way, since currency is relevant. 00:09:39.040 --> 00:09:43.197 >> Cheers. >> [laughter] 00:09:43.280 --> 00:09:49.240 >> Elon just wants to share with you some breaking [laughter] news. 00:09:51.470 --> 00:09:53.677 [laughter] The two of us who like to share some 00:09:53.760 --> 00:09:57.117 breaking news. Uh let's see. I I would 00:09:57.200 --> 00:10:01.117 say I would say there there's um different horizons you could look at. 00:10:01.200 --> 00:10:03.357 Everybody's jobs will be different. That 00:10:03.440 --> 00:10:08.717 I think that that's for sure. Uh how how the students learn will be different. um 00:10:08.800 --> 00:10:12.077 uh how people do their work will be different obviously because a lot of the 00:10:12.160 --> 00:10:14.557 things that that we do mundanely or 00:10:14.640 --> 00:10:17.357 arduously or very difficultly are going 00:10:17.440 --> 00:10:22.077 to be done very simply and and so we're going to be more productive from that s 00:10:22.160 --> 00:10:23.997 from that sense one of the things that I 00:10:24.080 --> 00:10:27.677 will say is that for most people or a 00:10:27.760 --> 00:10:31.837 company if some if your life becomes more productive 00:10:31.920 --> 00:10:34.317 and if the things that you're doing uh 00:10:34.400 --> 00:10:39.037 with great difficulty becomes simpler it is very likely because you have so many 00:10:39.120 --> 00:10:43.117 ideas, you'll have more time to go pursue things. It is my guess that Elon 00:10:43.200 --> 00:10:47.437 will be busier as a result of AI, I'm going to be busier as a result of AI. 00:10:47.520 --> 00:10:51.197 And the reason for that is because we have so many ideas we want to pursue, so 00:10:51.280 --> 00:10:55.037 many things that that we still have in our backlog inside our company that we 00:10:55.120 --> 00:10:59.037 can go pursue. If we were more productive, we can get to those things 00:10:59.120 --> 00:11:01.677 faster. And so in the near term I would 00:11:01.760 --> 00:11:06.077 say that that there is every evidence that that we will be more productive and 00:11:06.160 --> 00:11:10.477 yet still be busier because we have so many ideas. One thing that I will say 00:11:10.560 --> 00:11:13.037 give you give you some evidence is that 00:11:13.120 --> 00:11:14.477 uh and I was just telling Elon about 00:11:14.560 --> 00:11:17.677 this earlier radiology for example has 00:11:17.760 --> 00:11:20.797 largely been uh converted to AIdriven 00:11:20.880 --> 00:11:22.397 radiology and there's some really great 00:11:22.480 --> 00:11:25.517 companies doing that and the surprising 00:11:25.600 --> 00:11:28.477 thing is the prediction that all 00:11:28.560 --> 00:11:30.637 radiologists would be the first jobs to 00:11:30.720 --> 00:11:33.677 go was exactly the opposite. The trend 00:11:33.760 --> 00:11:39.117 shows that there are more radiologists being hired now as a result of AI. And 00:11:39.200 --> 00:11:42.877 the reason for that, if you take a step back, it's because the goal of a 00:11:42.960 --> 00:11:45.757 radiologist is not to study the images. 00:11:45.840 --> 00:11:48.237 The goal of a radiologist is to diagnose 00:11:48.320 --> 00:11:53.037 a disease. Now, the studying of the images became so productive. They could 00:11:53.120 --> 00:11:57.197 study more images, study more modalities, spend more time with the 00:11:57.280 --> 00:12:01.277 patients. And as a result, they were actually accepting more patients. We're 00:12:01.360 --> 00:12:04.237 doing more radiology all around the world. We're doing a better job with 00:12:04.320 --> 00:12:06.717 diagnosing disease. And so that's that's 00:12:06.800 --> 00:12:10.717 kind of the the nearterm near uh outcome 00:12:10.800 --> 00:12:13.917 of of uh AI and productivity. And and 00:12:14.000 --> 00:12:18.637 we'll see we'll see what happens long term. You know, I I 00:12:18.720 --> 00:12:22.397 when when currency doesn't matter anymore, just you know, let me know 00:12:22.480 --> 00:12:24.957 right before. 00:12:25.040 --> 00:12:29.437 >> You'll see it coming. [laughter] You'll see it coming like like 00:12:29.520 --> 00:12:31.677 >> we text often so just Yeah, we do. 00:12:31.760 --> 00:12:34.717 >> Yeah, just text it off. Yeah, let me know. I kind of I kind of agree with 00:12:34.800 --> 00:12:37.117 with both of you because if you look at 00:12:37.200 --> 00:12:40.237 every technological trend every general 00:12:40.320 --> 00:12:45.517 purpose technology has been net new positive for for the globe for humanity 00:12:45.600 --> 00:12:49.997 and so forth and let me share with you two things >> and your excellency I think it's 00:12:50.080 --> 00:12:54.397 precisely the reason the reason for that is because all the great ideas from from 00:12:54.480 --> 00:12:57.837 innovators like Elon you have so many good ideas 00:12:57.920 --> 00:13:01.677 >> that and Jason as well >> yeah well you know thank you 00:13:01.760 --> 00:13:05.517 >> so let me share with you two stories from two Saudi innovators in 00:13:05.600 --> 00:13:09.757 collaboration with a lot of great the great work that Nvidia does that gra 00:13:09.840 --> 00:13:12.157 does. So one of them is professor 00:13:12.240 --> 00:13:15.277 Omaragi who's the first American Saudi 00:13:15.360 --> 00:13:17.997 to win a Nobel prize in creating new 00:13:18.080 --> 00:13:20.477 chemistry and the way he has done that 00:13:20.560 --> 00:13:22.957 he has leveraged your AI accelerators 00:13:23.040 --> 00:13:27.597 and models like Grock to be able to create new chemistry when it comes to 00:13:27.680 --> 00:13:29.837 metal organic frameworks. Those are 00:13:29.920 --> 00:13:32.317 metal ions that are positively charged 00:13:32.400 --> 00:13:34.957 with organic linkers to be able to 00:13:35.040 --> 00:13:38.637 effectively create a sponge with 33 00:13:38.720 --> 00:13:42.077 nanometers pores to capture water from 00:13:42.160 --> 00:13:46.077 air and also to capture carbon dioxide. 00:13:46.160 --> 00:13:49.277 The second story has also to do with AI 00:13:49.360 --> 00:13:51.997 accelerated by Nvidia and with models 00:13:52.080 --> 00:13:54.637 like Brock which is nanop which is 00:13:54.720 --> 00:13:57.837 effectively creating a nano robot 500 00:13:57.920 --> 00:14:00.397 nanometers by a,000 nanometers to be 00:14:00.480 --> 00:14:03.197 able to do gene editing leveraging the 00:14:03.280 --> 00:14:05.757 crisper technology to take out sickle 00:14:05.840 --> 00:14:07.917 cell disease. Now in both these 00:14:08.000 --> 00:14:10.717 instances they originated 20 years ago 00:14:10.800 --> 00:14:14.477 in research but AI was able to really 00:14:14.560 --> 00:14:19.677 accelerate the outcomes and the outputs such that we can move into new value 00:14:19.760 --> 00:14:24.157 pools. So I think with every technological trend humanity is going to 00:14:24.240 --> 00:14:28.717 always manage to shift to new value pools when it comes to workforce and 00:14:28.800 --> 00:14:32.637 productivity. But we have some great announcements to talk about here today. 00:14:32.720 --> 00:14:36.557 Let's begin with you Elon. the things that we're doing with XAI. 00:14:36.640 --> 00:14:38.317 >> Uh yeah, we're excited to announce that 00:14:38.400 --> 00:14:43.437 um we're doing a a a uh a 500 megawatt I 00:14:43.520 --> 00:14:47.677 mean yeah 500 sorry >> 500 megawatt 00:14:47.760 --> 00:14:50.870 >> 500 megawatt. Yeah, >> we're doing [laughter] 00:14:51.200 --> 00:14:55.197 >> we're doing 500 megawatt. >> Sorry. Yeah. 00:14:55.280 --> 00:14:56.957 >> Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. The 500 g one will 00:14:57.040 --> 00:15:01.357 have to wait. Um so um that that'll be 00:15:01.440 --> 00:15:04.487 eight bazillion trillion dollars. Um, 00:15:04.570 --> 00:15:05.917 [laughter] 00:15:06.000 --> 00:15:11.830 stop that. >> Uh, [laughter] 00:15:11.920 --> 00:15:16.317 >> so yeah, we we're we're doing a um XAI 00:15:16.400 --> 00:15:19.117 and the King of Saudi Arabia are doing a a 00:15:19.200 --> 00:15:23.357 >> Humane 500 megawatt starting with 50 megawatt phase one and we're doing it 00:15:23.440 --> 00:15:25.757 with Nvidia. Congratulations to the 00:15:25.840 --> 00:15:28.157 Humane team to target team. Such a 00:15:28.240 --> 00:15:33.117 fantastic job. Jensen, I think we're also doing some great announcements. Uh 00:15:33.200 --> 00:15:37.437 this week >> we are [laughter] >> well we're we're announcing we're 00:15:37.520 --> 00:15:41.037 announcing all kinds of things. Um uh our partnership with Humane is is going 00:15:41.120 --> 00:15:44.077 incredibly well. First of all uh we we 00:15:44.160 --> 00:15:46.077 uh work together to get this company 00:15:46.160 --> 00:15:49.197 started and off the ground and just got 00:15:49.280 --> 00:15:52.237 an incredible customer with Elon. 00:15:52.320 --> 00:15:54.717 Could you imagine a startup company 00:15:54.800 --> 00:15:58.237 approximately 0 billion in revenues now 00:15:58.320 --> 00:16:03.197 going to uh build a data center for Elon? uh 500 megawatts is gigantic. Uh 00:16:03.280 --> 00:16:05.117 this company is off the charts uh right 00:16:05.200 --> 00:16:11.677 away. Uh in addition to that, we're um uh working working uh AWS as you know is 00:16:11.760 --> 00:16:16.237 also >> congratulations to the humane team with AWS 00:16:16.320 --> 00:16:18.157 starting with 100 megawatts with a 00:16:18.240 --> 00:16:21.437 gigawatt ambition and uh counting. 00:16:21.520 --> 00:16:23.997 >> So AWS is also coming to humane. Uh 00:16:24.080 --> 00:16:25.997 we're working with uh humane on 00:16:26.080 --> 00:16:29.117 omniverse uh digital twins. uh as you 00:16:29.200 --> 00:16:32.637 know that AI is not just well a just 00:16:32.720 --> 00:16:37.437 agentic AI and chat bots and uh cognitive AI is incredibly important to 00:16:37.520 --> 00:16:39.517 the world uh but AI applies to 00:16:39.600 --> 00:16:44.797 everything chemicals and proteins and genes and physics and fluid dynamics and 00:16:44.880 --> 00:16:48.797 particles and of course robotics and activation and um and we created this 00:16:48.880 --> 00:16:51.197 world called Omniverse where robots can 00:16:51.280 --> 00:16:54.317 learn how to be good robots and and it's 00:16:54.400 --> 00:16:58.957 physically based it obeys the laws of physics and so robots can learn in these 00:16:59.040 --> 00:17:00.317 environments and we're working with 00:17:00.400 --> 00:17:03.517 Humane to apply Omniverse to all kinds 00:17:03.600 --> 00:17:07.917 of uh digital factories and robotics and warehouses and things like that. And so 00:17:08.000 --> 00:17:12.397 that's that's another uh we're we're also working uh in Saudi Arabia to build 00:17:12.480 --> 00:17:14.637 supercomputers to simulate quantum 00:17:14.720 --> 00:17:17.837 computers and and uh uh using our 00:17:17.920 --> 00:17:22.237 computers to be the controller and the error correction quantum error 00:17:22.320 --> 00:17:26.317 correction requires an enormous amount of computation and so so we're doing a 00:17:26.400 --> 00:17:29.837 lot of great work there too. So, a big partnership with Humane. They're off the 00:17:29.920 --> 00:17:33.037 charts. Um, off the ground and off the charts at the same time. 00:17:33.120 --> 00:17:35.437 >> This is how we walk the talk in the 00:17:35.520 --> 00:17:37.197 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in partnership 00:17:37.280 --> 00:17:40.477 with the US. Yesterday, the president 00:17:40.560 --> 00:17:42.477 and his Royal Highness announced the AI 00:17:42.560 --> 00:17:44.877 strategic framework and partnership. 00:17:44.960 --> 00:17:49.517 Today, we're going big with Elon and Jensen. So, thank you for those 00:17:49.600 --> 00:17:53.610 opportunities. [applause] 00:17:54.880 --> 00:17:57.357 Now they they told me I have time for 00:17:57.440 --> 00:18:00.237 two last questions. So last night at the 00:18:00.320 --> 00:18:02.717 dinner I got a number of questions 00:18:02.800 --> 00:18:07.277 because it seems that the schedule leaked and uh everybody was giving me 00:18:07.360 --> 00:18:09.037 hints about the last two questions I'm 00:18:09.120 --> 00:18:11.117 going to do. So the first one was for 00:18:11.200 --> 00:18:15.277 you Elon and there's a big one for you 00:18:15.360 --> 00:18:18.797 Jensen. So prepare for that one. AI in 00:18:18.880 --> 00:18:21.997 space is that possible? 00:18:22.080 --> 00:18:25.517 Uh yes, if if civilization continues, 00:18:25.600 --> 00:18:29.517 which it probably will, uh then AI in space is inevitable. 00:18:29.600 --> 00:18:32.557 Um 00:18:32.640 --> 00:18:37.517 um you know, I always have to like preface that, you know, 00:18:37.600 --> 00:18:41.517 we shouldn't take civilization for granted. We we need to make sure to take 00:18:41.600 --> 00:18:43.837 care to ensure that civilization has an 00:18:43.920 --> 00:18:48.557 an upward arc. I mean, any student of history knows that civilization does not 00:18:48.640 --> 00:18:53.277 always have an upward arc. And in fact, civilizations have lif life cycles. So 00:18:53.360 --> 00:18:55.357 hopefully we are in a strong upward arc. 00:18:55.440 --> 00:18:57.437 I think we are for now. Um but we don't 00:18:57.520 --> 00:18:58.717 want to take that for granted or be 00:18:58.800 --> 00:19:02.877 complacent. Um but the in order to the 00:19:02.960 --> 00:19:07.117 way to think of AI in space is that in order to achieve any meaningful 00:19:07.200 --> 00:19:09.037 percentage of a cadesev two scale 00:19:09.120 --> 00:19:11.757 civilization where you're using even a 00:19:11.840 --> 00:19:14.397 millionth a millionth of the sun's 00:19:14.480 --> 00:19:17.917 energy you must have solar powered AI 00:19:18.000 --> 00:19:22.317 satellites in in deep space. Um so so 00:19:22.400 --> 00:19:26.237 that once you realize like once you think in terms of a cottage two scale 00:19:26.320 --> 00:19:28.477 civilization which is what what 00:19:28.560 --> 00:19:30.877 percentage of the sun's energy are you 00:19:30.960 --> 00:19:33.757 turning into useful work um then you 00:19:33.840 --> 00:19:36.957 then it becomes obvious that space is 00:19:37.040 --> 00:19:39.517 overwhelmingly what matters 00:19:39.600 --> 00:19:41.757 overwhelmingly the the sun only receives 00:19:41.840 --> 00:19:44.957 one roughly 1/2 billionth of the earth 00:19:45.040 --> 00:19:48.077 only receives roughly u two billionth of 00:19:48.160 --> 00:19:50.077 the sun's energy 00:19:50.160 --> 00:19:53.197 So if you want to have something that is 00:19:53.280 --> 00:19:55.517 say a million times more energy than 00:19:55.600 --> 00:19:57.837 Earth could possibly produce, 00:19:57.920 --> 00:20:03.597 >> you must go into space. It's and and so 00:20:03.680 --> 00:20:07.837 um you know this is where it's kind of handy to have a space company, I guess. 00:20:07.920 --> 00:20:12.397 Um sell the book. >> Easier to cool chips in space, too. 00:20:12.480 --> 00:20:14.717 >> Yes. >> Easier to cool chips in space. Yeah. 00:20:14.800 --> 00:20:17.037 >> Yes. There's definitely no water in space, so you're going to have to do 00:20:17.120 --> 00:20:19.357 something. Yeah. >> Uh that doesn't involve water. 00:20:19.440 --> 00:20:21.837 >> Just hang out. >> Well, it's you just got to radiate. 00:20:21.920 --> 00:20:25.597 >> That's right. >> Um so 00:20:25.680 --> 00:20:27.277 my estimate is that actually that that 00:20:27.360 --> 00:20:32.717 that the cost of of electricity like 00:20:32.800 --> 00:20:35.677 like the cost effectiveness of AI in 00:20:35.760 --> 00:20:38.797 space will be overwhelmingly better than 00:20:38.880 --> 00:20:41.757 AI on the ground. So far long before you 00:20:41.840 --> 00:20:43.917 uh exhaust potential energy sources on 00:20:44.000 --> 00:20:46.557 on Earth. Long long before meaning like 00:20:46.640 --> 00:20:49.277 I think even perhaps in the 00:20:49.360 --> 00:20:52.237 four or five year time frame the lowest 00:20:52.320 --> 00:20:55.917 cost way to do AI compute will be with 00:20:56.000 --> 00:20:59.277 solar powered AI satellites. 00:20:59.360 --> 00:21:03.037 So I'd say not more than 5 years from now. 00:21:03.120 --> 00:21:06.317 >> Wow. >> And just look at the supercomputers 00:21:06.400 --> 00:21:10.157 we're building together. Let's say each one of the racks is two tons. Out of 00:21:10.240 --> 00:21:14.477 that two tons, 1.95 of it is probably for cooling, >> right? 00:21:14.560 --> 00:21:17.437 >> Oh, yeah. >> Just imagine how tiny that little 00:21:17.520 --> 00:21:21.117 supercomputer is, right? Each one of these GB300 racks will just be a little 00:21:21.200 --> 00:21:23.517 tiny thing. >> And and just electricity generation is 00:21:23.600 --> 00:21:25.437 is already becoming a challenge. 00:21:25.520 --> 00:21:28.957 >> Um so if if you start doing any kind of 00:21:29.040 --> 00:21:31.277 scaling for both electricity generation 00:21:31.360 --> 00:21:34.397 and cooling, um you realize, okay, space 00:21:34.480 --> 00:21:38.637 is incredibly compelling. Um so 00:21:38.720 --> 00:21:41.357 like let's say you wanted to do um I 00:21:41.440 --> 00:21:47.757 don't know two or 300 gawatt per year um of of AI compute. 00:21:47.840 --> 00:21:50.157 >> Yeah. >> Um it's very difficult to do that on 00:21:50.240 --> 00:21:53.357 Earth. Uh the so the the uh US average 00:21:53.440 --> 00:21:55.677 electricity usage uh last time I checked 00:21:55.760 --> 00:21:59.117 was around 460 gawatts per year average 00:21:59.200 --> 00:22:04.157 usage. Um so so something like say uh 00:22:04.240 --> 00:22:06.317 you know three 300 if you're doing 300 00:22:06.400 --> 00:22:11.437 gawatts a year that would be like 2/3 of US electricity production per year. 00:22:11.520 --> 00:22:15.517 >> There's no way you're building power plants at that level. Um and then if you 00:22:15.600 --> 00:22:18.797 take it up to say a terowatt per year impossible. Yeah. 00:22:18.880 --> 00:22:21.037 >> Like you have to do that in space. 00:22:21.120 --> 00:22:23.197 >> There there just is there just is no way 00:22:23.280 --> 00:22:26.637 to do a terowatt uh per year on Earth. 00:22:26.720 --> 00:22:28.157 Um 00:22:28.240 --> 00:22:30.797 and uh and and in space you you've got 00:22:30.880 --> 00:22:36.317 continuous solar. Um you've got uh you don't you actually don't need batteries 00:22:36.400 --> 00:22:37.757 because it's always sunny in space. 00:22:37.840 --> 00:22:41.597 >> Right. Exactly. >> Um and um and and the solar panels 00:22:41.680 --> 00:22:42.797 actually become cheaper because you 00:22:42.880 --> 00:22:48.797 don't need glass or framing. Um and the cooling is just radiative. So that's 00:22:48.880 --> 00:22:51.037 that's why I think >> that's the dream. 00:22:51.120 --> 00:22:53.997 >> Yes, >> that's the dream. So Jensen, everybody 00:22:54.080 --> 00:22:58.557 last night was asking me, and I'm mindful it's a earnings uh call for you 00:22:58.640 --> 00:23:02.477 today. So I'm going to say this delicately. Everybody has been asking me 00:23:02.560 --> 00:23:06.477 to ask you, are we going to have an AI bubble? [laughter] 00:23:06.560 --> 00:23:10.877 That's the last question. All right, let's No. 00:23:10.960 --> 00:23:14.717 All right, let me Well, let me just hear you what we see. Okay, so so I I think 00:23:14.800 --> 00:23:18.077 it's really important when you look at what's happening around the world and go 00:23:18.160 --> 00:23:21.037 back to first principles of what's happening in computer science and 00:23:21.120 --> 00:23:25.277 computing. There are three things that that's happening. The first thing is 00:23:25.360 --> 00:23:29.117 that we all know that Moore's law has run its course and the ability that the 00:23:29.200 --> 00:23:32.557 amount of demand for computing versus the amount of computation we can get out 00:23:32.640 --> 00:23:36.157 of general purpose computing is really challenging and so the world's been 00:23:36.240 --> 00:23:39.277 moving to accelerated computing for some time. We've been pushing this now for 00:23:39.360 --> 00:23:41.997 some over 20 years. Let me give you one 00:23:42.080 --> 00:23:44.637 statistic. I was just at supercomputing 00:23:44.720 --> 00:23:48.157 six years ago. Uh 00:23:48.240 --> 00:23:51.517 CPUs were 90% of the world's 00:23:51.600 --> 00:23:53.597 supercomputers, top 500 supercomputers 00:23:53.680 --> 00:23:58.157 six years ago. This year less than 15%. 00:23:58.240 --> 00:24:01.357 Went from 90% to 10%. And meanwhile, 00:24:01.440 --> 00:24:06.157 accelerated computing went from the other way, 10% to now 90%. Okay, so 00:24:06.240 --> 00:24:10.557 you're seeing that inflection point, the transition in high performance computing 00:24:10.640 --> 00:24:13.757 from general purpose computing to accelerated computing. Well, one of the 00:24:13.840 --> 00:24:17.437 one of the most data intensive one of the most intensive computation things 00:24:17.520 --> 00:24:21.437 that the world does in cloud is data processing. Several hundred billion 00:24:21.520 --> 00:24:23.997 dollars of computation is done on just 00:24:24.080 --> 00:24:27.037 raw data processing. That Rexus is the 00:24:27.120 --> 00:24:31.117 engine of the internet today that's going generative AI. It used to be 00:24:31.200 --> 00:24:33.357 running on CPUs now runs on GPUs. Which 00:24:33.440 --> 00:24:36.157 then says the third thing when if you 00:24:36.240 --> 00:24:39.197 just look at those two applications 00:24:39.280 --> 00:24:41.837 many of the internet companies can build 00:24:41.920 --> 00:24:44.477 enormous number of GPU supercomputers 00:24:44.560 --> 00:24:49.197 just doing that of course then it creates this the third opportunity on 00:24:49.280 --> 00:24:52.957 top of it which is agentic AI this is grock and this is open AI this is 00:24:53.040 --> 00:24:57.677 anthropic you know this is Gemini agentic AI sits on top of that but don't 00:24:57.760 --> 00:25:01.677 you know don't forget to think about what is happening 00:25:01.760 --> 00:25:04.637 above underneath ath what everybody sees 00:25:04.720 --> 00:25:09.197 as AI today. There's a whole movement of computing from general purpose computing 00:25:09.280 --> 00:25:12.797 to accelerated computing. And that if you just if you take that into 00:25:12.880 --> 00:25:14.557 consideration, you'll come to the 00:25:14.640 --> 00:25:17.277 conclusion that in fact what is left 00:25:17.360 --> 00:25:20.557 over to fuel that revolutionary agentic 00:25:20.640 --> 00:25:23.597 AI is not only substantially less than 00:25:23.680 --> 00:25:26.637 you thought and all of it justified. 00:25:26.720 --> 00:25:28.877 Well, I was just informed by the team 00:25:28.960 --> 00:25:31.677 that my boss and your bosses is going to 00:25:31.760 --> 00:25:36.397 talk next, the honorable president and his royal highness the crown prince and 00:25:36.480 --> 00:25:38.637 hence we ran out of time. But in 00:25:38.720 --> 00:25:41.837 essence, [applause] 00:25:41.920 --> 00:25:45.997 this is a such so much love for you Elon 00:25:46.080 --> 00:25:49.197 and and Jensen. But this in essence is a 00:25:49.280 --> 00:25:51.677 92 alliance 00:25:51.760 --> 00:25:54.797 that shifted from energy to digital to 00:25:54.880 --> 00:25:57.677 the intelligence age powered by pioneers 00:25:57.760 --> 00:26:00.157 such as Elon and Jensen to serve 00:26:00.240 --> 00:26:03.197 humanity and create on a net new basis 00:26:03.280 --> 00:26:05.757 new economies, new jobs and a better 00:26:05.840 --> 00:26:10.317 future for humanity powered by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United 00:26:10.400 --> 00:26:14.077 States. Thank you for our lifetime partnership and friendship. Thank you 00:26:14.160 --> 00:26:17.177 Elon. Thank you Jensen. >> Thank you. 00:26:17.260 --> 00:26:19.280 >> [applause] 00:26:20.530 --> 00:26:22.550 [music]